PERANCANGAN BUCK CONVERTER BERBASIS INTERFACE INTERNET OF THINGS SISTEM PHOTOVOLTAIC

Abstract

A DC–DC converter is an electronic circuit that converts a DC voltage source from one voltage level to another. It consists of a regulator section that functions to step down the voltage according to the load requirements by controlling the duty cycle, namely a buck converter. The primary objective of this study is to design a DC–DC converter system capable of achieving a minimum power conversion efficiency of 85%, maintaining output voltage ripple below 5%, and enabling real-time system monitoring. The research methodology includes the hardware design of a buck converter utilizing a MOSFET IRFP260N and a 60UP30DN diode as the main components, operating at a switching frequency of 10 kHz and controlled by a PWM signal. The system is supported by a CLC filter circuit consisting of a 4.5 mH inductor and capacitors of 1000 μF and 2200 μF. For the monitoring subsystem, an IoT-based system using an ESP32 microcontroller is implemented, integrated with two PZEM017 sensors via RS485 communication, along with the development of a web-based dashboard for data visualization using the WebSocket protocol. Comprehensive testing results indicate that the system successfully achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 88.30% under a 30 Ω load condition with a 90% duty cycle, exceeding the predefined target. The output voltage ripple was consistently maintained at 1000 mV peak-to-peak, equivalent to 2.82% of the output voltage, thereby meeting the specified performance criteria. The IoT monitoring system also demonstrated reliable real-time visualization of electrical parameters with excellent voltage measurement accuracy. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the developed IoT-based buck converter interface has proven effective in enhancing photovoltaic system performance through high conversion efficiency, optimal voltage ripple control, and the provision of a reliable real-time monitoring system.