Authors must present accurate reports and data from their research findings. Research articles must include detailed information and sufficient references. Deliberate falsification of manuscript content constitutes unethical and unacceptable behavior.

Authors must ensure the originality of their work and provide clear information or sources when using quotations. Authors are not permitted to submit the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously, as such action constitutes unethical and unacceptable behavior.

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be included. Authors are required to cite publications used as the basis for preparing their scholarly work.

Authorship should be limited to researchers who have made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All researchers who have made significant contributions must be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author must ensure that all authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.

Each author must disclose in the manuscript any financial or other substantive interests that could be interpreted as influencing the research findings.

If authors discover an error or inaccuracy in a published manuscript, they are expected to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the manuscript.

Editors are responsible for deciding which articles received by the editorial board will be published. Editors may refer to the policies of the journal’s editorial board and are bound by applicable legal provisions concerning defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Editors may also consult with other editors or reviewers when making decisions.

Editors evaluate manuscript content without regard to the authors’ race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, nationality, or political views.

Editors and all editorial staff must not disclose any information regarding submitted manuscripts to anyone other than the authors, reviewers, prospective reviewers, editorial advisers, and the publisher.

Materials in submitted but unpublished manuscripts must not be used in an editor’s research without the written consent of the author.

Reviewers assist editors in making editorial decisions. Through editorial communication with authors, reviewers may also help authors improve their manuscripts and provide suggestions for revision based on the review results.

Reviewers who feel unqualified to review the research presented in a manuscript or are unable to complete the review promptly must notify the editor and withdraw from the review process. Invited reviewers must also confirm their willingness or unwillingness to review the article.

Each manuscript received for review must be treated as a confidential document. Manuscripts must not be shown to or discussed with others unless permission has been granted by the editor.

Reviews must be conducted objectively. Reviewers are not permitted to make personal criticism of the authors. Reviewers must clearly present their review findings along with supporting arguments.

Reviewers must identify relevant published works that have not been cited by the authors. Statements concerning observations, derivations, or arguments that have been previously reported must be accompanied by relevant citations. Reviewers must also coordinate with the editor regarding any substantial similarity between the manuscript under consideration and other published articles.

Information or ideas obtained through the review process must be kept confidential and must not be used for personal advantage. Reviewers are not permitted to review manuscripts if there is a conflict of interest, collaborative relationship, or other interest involving the authors, companies, or related institutions.